如何生成int特定范围内的随机值? , T$ L! G% e! X3 k u" B我尝试了以下方法,但都不起作用: ; t% G' J5 S2 k8 v尝试1:- r% j0 h6 ?# A _
randomNum = minimum (int)(Math.random() * maximum);错误:randomNum可以大于maximum./ q" C2 U( d# U* g
尝试2: * D' q0 \5 M4 b5 W/ H. G' [8 U8 ^6 fRandom rn = new Random();int n = maximum - minimum 1;int i = rn.nextInt() % n;randomNum = minimum i;错误:randomNum可以小于minimum.) J. {, v) V9 `" }4 r
9 B" L6 j& {8 g0 @( ^解决方案: ! E; G; h( ~, o 在Java 1.本操作的标准方法如下: 8 X/ c* u9 Z2 Z1 w) D7 \, i& Ximport java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;// nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value,// so add 1 to make it inclusiveint randomNum = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(min,max 1);请参考相关 JavaDoc。这种方法的优点是不需要显式初始化java.util.Random例如,如果使用不当,可能会造成混乱和错误。 8 K3 [+ } L) p7 I3 J6 S然而,相反,没有办法明确设置种子,因此在测试或保存游戏状态或类似情况下可能很难重现结果。在这些情况下,可以使用以下 Java 1.7 以前的技术。 ' W; N! Q. L3 h- X R! L& H在 Java 1.7 前,执行此操作的标准方法如下:6 G8 H7 V1 H9 P6 \' j9 p
import java.util.Random;/** * Returns a pseudo-random number between min and max,inclusive. * The difference between min and max can be at most * Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1. * * @param min Minimum value * @param max Maximum value. Must be greater than min. * @return Integer between min and max,inclusive. * @see java.util.Random#nextInt(int) */public static int randInt(int min,int max) / NOTE: This will (intentionally) not run as written so that folks // copy-pasting have to think about how to initialize their // Random instance. Initialization of the Random instance is outside // the main scope of the question,but some decent options are to have // a field that is initialized once and then re-used as needed or to // use ThreadLocalRandom (if using at least Java 1.7). // // In particular,do NOT do 'Random rand = new Random()' here or you // will get not very good / not very random results. Random rand; // nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value, // so add 1 to make it inclusive int randomNum = rand.nextInt((max - min) 1) min; return randomNum;}请参考相关 JavaDoc。在实践中,java.util.Random类通常比java.lang.Math.random()更可取。 8 \; V2 x; ~ @8 I! K特别是标准库中有一个简单的 API 完成任务时,无需重新发明随机整数生成轮。